The US has imposed new tariffs on imports from 60 trading partners, citing concerns over forced labor, replacing temporary duties introduced earlier this year under President Donald Trump.
The tariffs, which took effect on Friday, range from 10% to 12.5% and apply to major economies including China, India and the European Union.
US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer said the measures reinforce Washington's long-standing ban on goods produced with forced labor and urged trading partners to adopt similar standards.
Countries that have implemented or committed to bans on forced-labor imports, including Canada, the UK, the EU and India, face the lower 10% tariff. China, Japan, South Korea and dozens of other economies are subject to the higher 12.5% rate.
The new measures follow a US Supreme Court ruling that struck down much of Trump's earlier tariff framework, prompting the administration to introduce a legally stronger replacement.
Japan, Australia and New Zealand criticized the tariffs, calling them unjustified and inconsistent with existing trade agreements.
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