As US President Donald Trump escalates trade pressure by announcing his intention to impose new 50% tariffs on European imports, a US think tank has warned that these policies could push several countries—particularly emerging markets—to adopt gold as an alternative to the dollar in the global financial system.
According to an opinion piece published by Kimberly Donovan, director of the Economic State Initiative at the Atlantic Council, and Maya Nikoladze, deputy director, many countries have already begun to seek safe alternatives outside the dominance of the dollar, with gold at the forefront of these alternatives, whether through physical reserves or digital instruments backed by the precious metal.
"Many countries, including US adversaries, are now using gold to circumvent US sanctions and finance activities that threaten US national security," the article states.
Unprecedented Rise in Central Bank Gold Purchases
The authors noted that central banks around the world continue to boost their gold reserves. Data from the World Gold Council showed that purchases during the first quarter of 2025 reached 243.7 tons, a 24% increase over the average of the past five years, despite a slowdown compared to the peak of purchases in 2022.
Russia is a prominent example of this trend. The Russian Ministry of Finance is believed to be purchasing gold from domestic producers in an undisclosed manner to bolster its reserves. Gold is also used in informal trade with countries such as the UAE and Turkey, according to the report.
Gold-Backed Digital Innovations: Cryptocurrencies Enter the Game
The issue is no longer limited to gold reserves alone. Recent trends have emerged regarding the use of gold to create stablecoins. This month, the Ministry of Finance of Kyrgyzstan announced plans to launch a gold-backed stablecoin, USDKG, in the third quarter of 2025. The USDKG will be fully backed by gold reserves worth $500 million, with a goal of reaching $2 billion. Holders of the currency will be able to exchange it for gold, cryptocurrencies, or fiat currencies, enhancing the ability of this small country—where foreign remittances account for a third of its GDP—to conduct cross-border transactions without going through the US financial system.
US Concerns Over Loss of Control Over the Global Financial System
The report warns that gold-backed digital currencies—especially in countries subject to sanctions, such as Russia, or those with which it has financial ties—could be used as tools to evade Western sanctions, given the lack of US oversight.
The report stated that Russian interest in the USDKG system in particular could be a means of accessing technologies subject to Western restrictions, through an alternative financial system that does not pass through the dollar or US banks.
A Call to Rethink US Economic Policies
In concluding the analysis, the authors urged the US administration to move away from punitive policies that push countries to seek alternatives to the dollar, particularly gold, and called for strengthening financial stability by supporting economically weak countries and expanding trade and investment ties with them.
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