Thousands Protest for Climate Action during COP 30

As the COP30 U.N. climate summit enters its second week in Belém, Brazil, thousands of activists marched through the city demanding stronger climate action. The atmosphere outside — filled with singing, dancing, and large demonstrations — contrasted sharply with tense negotiations inside, where diplomats face major disagreements and slow progress.

Countries remain far from meeting the goals set in the 2015 Paris Agreement, with global emissions continuing to rise and temperatures already about 1.3°C higher than in preindustrial times. Current policies are projected to lead to around 2.8°C of warming by 2100.

Key issues on the negotiating table include increasing financial support for developing nations, addressing weak national climate targets, and managing trade barriers on clean energy. Small island states are pressing for stronger accountability, while some countries — including Germany, France, Denmark, Colombia, Kenya, and the U.K. — are calling for a detailed global “road map” to transition away from fossil fuels. However, major oil-producing nations like Saudi Arabia and Russia oppose such measures.

The United States, under the Trump administration, is absent from the talks, weakening global leadership but easing some tensions, according to some attendees.

Brazil, the summit host, is attempting to run an inclusive process, though it faces contradictions of its own — including authorizing new oil exploration near the Amazon. Negotiators hope to avoid last-minute clashes typical of past summits and instead focus on delivering on previous commitments.

The vibrant public demonstrations in Belém stand in stark contrast to recent climate summits in more restrictive countries. This year, protests are not only allowed but encouraged, reflecting a stronger and more vocal civil society presence.