Japan Ends Ban on Lethal Arms Exports

Japan has approved a landmark policy shift to lift its long-standing ban on exporting lethal weapons, marking a major change to its post-World War II pacifist stance as it seeks to strengthen its defense industry and deepen military cooperation with allies.

The decision was endorsed by the cabinet of Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, removing the final barriers to arms exports under Japan’s post-war framework.

The move comes as Japan accelerates efforts to boost its military capabilities in response to growing security challenges in the region.

While China has criticized the policy shift, it has been welcomed by key defense partners such as Australia, and has drawn interest from countries across Southeast Asia and Europe.

Critics argue the change could undermine Japan’s pacifist constitution, increase global tensions, and pose risks to national security.

Chief Cabinet Secretary Minoru Kihara said the new policy is intended to strengthen Japan’s security while contributing to regional and international stability amid a rapidly evolving security environment.

He added that the government will take a strategic approach to expanding defense equipment transfers, aiming to build a stronger industrial base capable of supporting long-term military resilience.

Japan had long restricted arms exports under its pacifist constitution following World War II. In recent years, however, it introduced limited exceptions covering areas such as rescue, transport, surveillance, early warning, and mine clearance.

The new directive removes these restrictions, allowing exports of advanced military equipment including fighter jets, missiles, and destroyers. This marks a significant shift from previous exports such as protective gear and dual-use vehicles sent to Ukraine, as well as radar systems sold to Philippines.

Initially, exports will be limited to 17 countries that have signed defense equipment and technology transfer agreements with Japan. All deals will require approval from the National Security Council, with ongoing government oversight to monitor how the equipment is used after export.

Japan has indicated it will not supply lethal weapons to countries currently engaged in active conflicts at this stage.