By: :Ali Abu Dashish and Ahmed Yasser
CAIRO, Mar .16. (SEE) – Aswan city is one of the most important Egyptian cities in ancient history because it is rich in with Pharaonic monuments. The pharaohs called it "Sono" which meaning the market because of its commercial status as it was a trade city and an important stand for merchant convoys from different places. The name was changed by Copts to Aswan.
Aswan is the gateway to southern Egypt, as well as the link between the Nile Valley north and south and the contact point between Egypt and Africa.
The city has unique monuments such as; Ramesses ll temple, the legend of Pharaonic architecture, and was dedicated to the worship of the god "Ra Hor Akht". It was founded by King Ramses II, of War and Peace and the temple of his wife'' Queen Nefertari''. This temple is characterized by the beauty of its inscriptions, love, beauty and music.
The most important monuments in Aswan;
- Philae Island: it is located in the middle of Nile River, included the Philae temple which was exposed to changes from its original location during the construction of the High Dam.
UNESCO has carried out a spectacular and historic rescue operation; the giant Isis temples on the island have been dismantled and reconstructed nearby Nile island called ''Agilka''.
Philae refers to the Greek language, which means ''loved'', but the Arabic name for it ''Anas El-wajud'' relative to the legend stories of the Arabian Nights.
- Also, the "Pharaoh's nest'', which was built by the Roman governor Trajan .
- The island of El-fantin, located in the face of Aswan city, which was known in the Egyptian texts as "Abu" and became in Greece 'El-fantin' because it is the trade center of '' Elephant Sin'' and includes the Khnum and Trinity Satt temple, in addition to the existence of the Nile scale and the gate of King Amenhotep II.
-Aghakhan tomb in the west bank of Nile River, was built by Muhammad Shah El-Husseini from limestone and marble; he was buried in 1959.
-Nubian Museum” is an archaeological site located in Aswan, Upper Egypt. Nubia remained the Egyptian gate to Africa for thousands of years.
This historical location of Nubia faced a severe challenge when the Aswan High Dam was built. All the lands of Nubia were drowned with the Nile water. However, there were serious efforts exerted by UNESCO and the Egyptian government to save the treasures of Nubia, which included a number of Pharaonic temples.
It was inaugurated on November 23, 1997 and was awarded the Aga Khan prize for Architecture in 2000.
- Kom Ombo temple is far away 45 km north of Aswan, it was built in 180 BC. to worship the gods "Sobek and Horus".
-Kalabsha temple is one of the most famous temples in Nubia. It is 57 km from the Aswan reservoir and dates back to the early Roman period and was built during the reign of Emperor August.
-Rule house temple is located in the high area close to the Kalabsha temple and was built in King Ramses II era, which carved in rock near the High Dam.
-Dekka temple is located 20 km south of Harf Hussein. Many kings contributed to the establishment and engraving of this temple such as; Ptolemy llll and the Roman Emperor August.
-Dur temple is the only engraved entirely in rock and is located far away 206 km from Aswan reservoir built by Ramses II in the Nuba area.
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